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              <text>Falmouth Va   Mon P.M.&#13;
							Dec 10nth 1862&#13;
My dear Wife,&#13;
		Just a few words today, as I have leisure time.  Have just returned from my first ramble outside the Camp.  Went to the Riverbank and as near the “Rebs” as we can get for the present, and I am inclined to think as near as we shall ever get for hostile purposes.&#13;
	‘Twas a pretty walk of a mile and a half or so.  Two bridges once crossed the river, which is but little wider than the Concord at the Turnpike.&#13;
	The City looks much like Frederick Md—scattered along the stream about a mile.  quite a pretty town, I should think under more favorable circumstances.&#13;
	Saw no Rebel pickets, tho’ spoke with ours, who remain in groups of three or four.  have their Camp fires, outdoors, or protected by a few boards, and tents sometimes.&#13;
	The best part was the sight, and voice of two ladies, who Came down in an ambulance wagon, and with an Officer.  One was silvered hair somewhat, the other younger[,] say about Thirty—a very pleasant[,] talkative, southern, or western spoken.  Took a seat at the fire, to warm her feet, while the elder one remained at the pile of the bridge, looking for some moments across, where she Could not pass.&#13;
	I stood at a respectful distance, but Could not resist the temptation of listening to a ladies voice, for they were finely attired, and reminded [me] of home, strongly.  The younger one, says to the soldiers who were cleaning some of their dishes, “Twould make a woman mad to see your dishes”!&#13;
	“I think it would to wash them” said soldier.”  [“]But you’l[l] have some good times getting dinners when you get home” said the lady.  “If we ever get home” was the reply.  “Get home!  to be sure you’l[l] get home”! replied her ladyship, and I left at that point, and took my way up the bank to where the redoubts were that Jos. H. help[ed] throw up the other Eve, or night, and where the guns are pointed to the very heart of the City, but I doubt their being used for so direful a purpose—in short Allie, I am quite persuaded that peace is not far off—a fixed presentiment.&#13;
	Had a nice long letter from Sister Mary (at O), and one from Charley enclosed today[.]  Said you had not written for some time.  All well, and misses [sic] you and Lulu very much &amp;c&#13;
	Wrote to Lucy today.  It seems that Charlotte is married and I suppose at home.  heaven bless them!&#13;
	I wrote you on Friday, and mentioned about my watch.  I have acted, myself I suppose, on such occasions, and yielded, to the temptation of a good price Cash, and sold it $12.00.  I send you three dollars, and will more if the same reaches you safely.  Please write me im[me]diately on its receipt.  So you will of Course, have a trifling lift use it, as you need, not for me, or anything I can get along without.  Have had snow and it is Cold.  Some of the wood we burn makes the eyes sore, and it is almost impossible to see sometimes.&#13;
	The boys are all building up their tents with logs—with fireplaces &amp;c.  We manage to keep Comfortable, but may be at it, when axe and Spade are more at leisure.&#13;
	Had some pressed vegetables, for dinner today with a slight mixture of potato—quite nice.  Have got some meal so we shall have gruel and griddle Cakes.  Rice &amp; Molasses yesterday[--]a great rarity of late.&#13;
	Am excellently well, and am enduring everything, but absence from home, bravely, and get along with that as well as they [sic] average.&#13;
	This is a business, rattling letter, but bears the love to all, dutifully.  Hoping all is well with thee I close, hoping to hear from you before I sleep.  &#13;
&#13;
						As ever You[r]s&#13;
							Jerome&#13;
&#13;
Send the “Journal” once in a while.  Will send you a “Philaa  Inquirer” soon!</text>
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                <text>1862-12-10</text>
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                <text>NPS, Civil War Study Group, Donald Pfanz (Transcriber)</text>
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                <text>For educational purposes with no commercial use. Courtesy of National Park Service, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania NMP, FRSP 16095-16102 (FRSP-00904).</text>
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              <text>Thurs Morn 11&#13;
Dear ones,&#13;
	We are ordered to march at 8 ock.  A battle is raging, and we move.  We may not be engaged but I enclose what I hope will reach you.&#13;
	Love to all as ever, and I hope to see you.&#13;
						Jerome &#13;
&#13;
	I enclose $5.00 more.  I sent you three in my last.  hope to hear all has reached you safely.  Good-night&#13;
	With a kiss, for Lulu And your dear self.   Jerome&#13;
&#13;
Have no means of knowing the loss on either side.  Saw one or two wounded[.]&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
						Thurs P.M. nearly 5 o’clk.  11 Dec /62&#13;
	On the first page is a few hasty words I penciled, but concluded not to mail till fu[r]ther developments.&#13;
	It has been an eventful day, beautiful in weather, but Oh for the horrors of war!&#13;
	About 5 O’clk this A.M. the first guns opened, by the Rebs as we were laying the Pontoon Bridge for our forces to cross.  Had an early breakfast, and marche[d] out to the field near our Camp where our Brigade have lain all day, ready to march, at a moment’s notice.&#13;
	With a short cessation, at noon excepted, the roar of Cannon has been incessant, and shot and shell hissing thro’ the air, over the doomed City of F.  The City is in flames, and we have walked down several times to observe the work of destruction.  It is a fearful sight, but this only would seem to bring the traitors to terms.  One lurid roll of smoke rolls up in front of us, while the Air is full of powder stench.  A row of Cannon, a mile long, are playing upon the City.  Jos. H. is just returned from the look out.  says the fire is increasing.  But enough of this[.] I know you would hear the news, and wish to inform you, of how matters are.  We may move over the river at any moment, and of the future, we must trust to him “who doeth All things well.  Will let you hear daily if possible.  We are in good spirits, and feel assured that real work has commenced and the end must be near.&#13;
	All sorts of rumors are in Camp, as that an attack on Richmond is being made in Conjunction with this &amp;c &amp;c.  We have rested on Cedar boughs, all day.  had Coffee at noon and to troops it don’t seem so much--a Chapter in War.  The saying is among some of the boys, “Burnside has got his sleeves rolled up.”  &#13;
	But I know how you dear ones feel at home and I am not insensible to the time and occasion &amp; trust to do my duty.  Keep calm till you hear from some of us.  We shall probably return to our tents tonight.  We have only our overcoats, blankets, and three days rations of food. &#13;
	I sent you some money $3.00 a few days since.  I enclose $5.00 more[.] trust it will all reach you safely.  A mail is reported in Camp but was not distributed on acct. of the position of affairs.&#13;
	Can write no more now.  heaven bless and keep you all, till I write again, which will be soon.&#13;
A kiss for little Lu.&#13;
&#13;
							As ever Your husband&#13;
									Jerome&#13;
 &#13;
Please send me a good pencil.  have just upset my ink, and pencils are scarce and poor.&#13;
&#13;
Should have written Lulu but for the situation, but you are in heavens keeping.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
						Evening at our tent once more&#13;
&#13;
	Enclosed, is the strange variable record of an eventful day, and the last expiring moments Jos. H. and I devote to friends at home.  First Came the strange rumbling sound of wagons, which waked me early, then a stir in Camp—something was up.  I couldn’t remain abed.  Arose about 4 O,clk built a fire, ready for early movements, early roll call[.]  In a line at 8. as before stated.  Well just after I closed the pencil note while in the field, we were ordered to march.  Halted, about a mile from the City, when we were soon, faced about, and marched back to Camp.  Knapsacks restored[.] So here we are, as in the morning, and we have no idea of what the morrow has in store for us.  As far as we know, the City is, in our possession by the planting of the bridges, under the terrible fire before mentioned, but so many troops were passing that we could be better off in our Camp, for the air is lurid and thick with heat and powder.  The heart of the City, with scattered portions, are burned, and such a Contrast to the other day when I was at the riverside as mentioned in a former letter!  But such is war!  It was a fearful scene for some seven or eight hours, without a cessation, and then this P.M. later, till dark.&#13;
	But enough—there seemed to me no shrinking. Everyone seemed nerved to a sense of their duty, and I believe the Thirty Sixth, would have kept the honor of the Old Bay State!&#13;
	We all felt quite as anxious for you at home as ourselves, thinking of the report you would get of the Affair, and we only wish we could head the Telegraph.  Franklin’s &amp; Hooker’s Corp’s, or Artillery done the principle work, as I heard.  Some three Pontoon bridges are across the Stream and we expect to cross the river tomorrow, sometime.&#13;
	I hope to hear from you before long--the Mail is not yet distributed.  possibly it will be in the morning.&#13;
	‘Twas a strange scene in the field.  while resting several had their testaments and bibles out reading.  I took a bible, and [turned] to a Chapter in Jeremiah—quite appropriate, to the occasion, by chance.&#13;
	Of course all this will Call out all the fortitude and strength of my loved Wife, and I trust you may be spared bitter pangs of the worst disasters of war.  I had hoped that peaceful measures might prevail, and I still feel that we shall escape the dread ordeal of battle, but if not I pray for sustaining power to do my whole duty.  I never felt Calmer or more resigned in my life, and I thought and felt much, very much these last few hours.&#13;
   	There seems to be a something that prepares the mind and nerve for the work.&#13;
	It is late.  I am quite tired.  Will mention that we are having fine weather, and I am in excellent health, and drew some shoes and pants this, or last Eve, so I am very Comfortable, and we have lived finely of late—good, and plenty of food.  I mention this as I knew you would think of the exposure, &amp;c.</text>
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&#13;
	About nine o’clk. marched from camp into the City by the Pontoon bridge.  Halted, on the levee, or wharf &amp; Street, with many more troops, 29th Mass[,] 79th N.Y. 46th do. [ditto] 27th New Jersey among them.&#13;
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              <text>13nth &#13;
  &#13;
Sat.  Up early.  Coffee, as usual.  Just after daylight marched out about a mile, on the bank of the river in a deep Ravine, protected from the sight and fire of the enemy.  Between nine and ten oclk. heavy firing Commenced on the left, and soon the conflict raged all along the whole line with terrific fury, which continued all day till dark.  Artillery &amp; musketry charge upon Charge, but as far as we could learn, nothing decisive resulted, as the items are kept from the men not engaged.  At night encamped on the rising ground above us a short distance.  Laid down on some straw, in our blankets, while the flashes of Cannon, from the closing scene Could be discerned on the Right, and finally all was still, but the rumbling of teams, and troops marching up.  A night of anxiety as we expected to meet the enemy in the morning, but still I slept soundly and got much refreshed, but a day never to be forgotten, for we had got a glimpse of War.  Shot had whistled past us, and over our heads, more or less all day, as they shelled our retreat in the hollow once during the day Caused by some of our men imprudently showing themselves on the banks above. &#13;
&#13;
					Sunday 14nth&#13;
&#13;
	A lull in the fight.  About 1/2 past 3. AM. ordered into line, and marched round about a mile, rested on a ravine.  Concealed, by laying down, on the bank.  At daylight marched in a roundabout Course into the old spot in the hollow where we had breakfast, and marched back to the City where we remained on the Levee all or most of the day.  Nothing particular took place.  Very wet &amp; muddy.  Occasionally the batteries over the river would salute the rebs but no reply.  Some skirmishing.  Wrote a note home, and just after I had mailed it, received letters from home.  All well.  Have thought much of home and friends amid such scenes.  Towards night returned to our old quarters in the “hollow”, where we rested during the night.  Damp &amp; muddy.&#13;
Mond 15.  Rested in the ra[v]ine all day.  Retired early.  About 9 O’Clk. Eve, was called into line.  very dark.  Marched into the City in a quiet manner.  Mysterious.  halted in the street, awhile.  89th N.Y Reg. passed us in haste.  Looks like a retreat!!  Marched &amp; Countermarched, to make room to reach the bridge.  Passed over the river, in “double quick”!  bridge covered with dirt to prevent noise.  Reached the old Camp about midnight.  Dropped into our blankets without pitching tents.  Very tired.&#13;
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              <text>Fredericksburg – Sund. P.M.  14 Dec 62&#13;
Dear Ones&#13;
	They say I can get a line home, and it must be but a line.  I wrote you the 11, or 12, when Fred[e]ricksburg was on fire.   I[t] was torn to pieces.  We crossed the river the next day and are as yet Safe not having been [in] Action but don’t know how soon.&#13;
Am very well indeed &amp; fine weather.  Please let the friends know that much[.]  Jos. H is well[.]  Bear up and remember I am ever thinking of you my dear ones.  In haste&#13;
&#13;
					Your Jerome &#13;
&#13;
Please write the friends&#13;
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              <text>Charlestown, June 15, 1864&#13;
My Dear Sir,&#13;
	I comply, with a sad sympathy, with the request made to me to furnish a few words of commemorative regard and respect to the tribute which is to be paid to our late cherished friend Jerome Peirce. I was unwilling to receive the first reports which came to me that his young and hopeful life had entered into costly sacrifice of the brave and the good, the patriotic and the useful which thousands of our happiest homes in city and country are now offering to what their death makes all the more precious and sacred a cause to us. It seems that information from a trustworthy source has removed all ground for hope that he may still be among the living. Let us yield him up as he yielded himself. Let us commemorate him in a way consistent with the modes and simplicity of the childlike sincerity of his character. The resources of our language, as well as our hearts, are now daily drawn upon to furnish fitting tributes of honor and love that shall have a special fitness to each case of sorrow, whether inflicted by the loss of one conspicuous in official rank or in soldierly or private virtues, or whether hidden in the humility of modest worth from the knowledge of the world to be the tenderly cherished by a narrow and endeared private circle.&#13;
	Jerome Peirce will receive from those who knew him well, as hearty and tender a tribute as will be given in any form of homage from circles of men and women however elevated or wide their range, to any hero of our war. I am informed that your male population in the town where he lived for a short time after leaving this city, is now mourning nearly all of the little band of young men who went from their quiet homes to the dreadful battle field. I have given a thought to them, and to their mourning friends, while I write these lines with particular reference to only one among them whom I knew; and in all of them I feel an indirect interest as his companions – first in life and now in death.&#13;
	It is eight years this month since Mr. Peirce became a member of the Church here of which I am the Pastor. I had many good opportunities for knowing the qualities of his character and the tenor of his life. His circumstances required of him industry and frugality. He joined with those virtues a most [???] and contented spirit, drawing delight from pure and very simple pleasures, refining his tastes, and informing his mind. He was a consistent Christian in the Sunday School and Church, in his home, and in the streets; and he must have been eminently such in his occupations, for he pursued them only to help him to the best ends of life.&#13;
	He was actively interested here in all our religious and humane enterprises, ever ready to do his part in real work and always doing it beautifully by personal influence. I do not know that I ever met with a human pair more congenially mated for the household joys and cares and responsibilities of life than were he and the lonely stricken partner of his short tenure of existence as a husband and a father.&#13;
	It was very difficult for me to conceive of him as a soldier; I said so to him very frankly when he came to see me on his visit here from his camp. His gentle spirit and peaceful ways as well as the mildness of his looks and tones seemed utterly out of harmony with the actual work of a military service; and especially so with the traits and duties which require the infliction of vindictive or mortal blows upon fellow men. It was my own secret hope that the fortuitous arrangements of camp life and the incidents of his campaign might happily fit him in to a place and assign to him tasks in which he might have the consciousness of doing the full work of a patriot in arms with as little as possible of a ruthless activity. But I was weaker in this with than he was in [???] and fibre of his own of his own full consecration of himself to all that his military profession should exact. A soldier must be a soldier in the completeness of its stern conditions. He was such a one.&#13;
	Mr. Peirce’s friends know very well that he regarded the rational purpose of this War as defensive against our utter ruin and disgrace and offensive only against a traitorous and malignant crime. In that full and firm belief he gave himself to the ranks, and his convictions deepened as he followed their lead. So good a man commends to us the goodness of his cause. I therefore looked upon him as one of many loved and honored young men known to me who would do a double service in this dread strive. First their conscious principles would make them formidable foes of rebels; and second, their private virtues would qualify them to exert a restraining and elevating influence upon multitudes on our own side of a less noble and pure character. So while these our Christian soldiers with an indignant scorn of treachery and the prowess of a noble patriotism confronted the rebels in the field, they would also help to purify their own camp and to infuse a right spirit into their coarser associates. Mr. Peirce has proved his fidelity in both ways. All our country towns – even the most quiet and retired of men are hence forward to have Memorial Monuments standing amid grass and foliage to the honored young victims of our nation’s cause. Jerome Peirce will not be forgotten or placed low on the list, when its sad record is complete.&#13;
		Respectfully Yours,&#13;
			George E. Ellis</text>
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              <text>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 1: The funeral at which this letter was read, per the notation on the envelope, was conducted by Rev. Levi Ballou on June 19, 1864, in the church in Orange, Massachusetts, where Jerome Peirce had been the “Sabbath School Superintendent.”&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 2: As indicated in the letter, George E. Ellis was the pastor in the church in Charlestown, Massachusetts, that the Peirce family belonged to prior to moving to Orange, Massachusetts. An Internet search provided the following details about him. George Edward Ellis was born in 1814 in Boston, Massachusetts, and he died in 1894, also in Boston. He graduated from Harvard College in 1833 and from the Harvard. Divinity School in 1836, and he was ordained in 1840 as the pastor of the Harvard Unitarian Church in Charlestown, Massachusetts. From 1857 until 1863, he was professor of systematic theology in the Harvard Divinity School. In addition to being the pastor at the church, he also wrote and lectured extensively. George Ellis resigned from the pastorate of the Harvard Unitarian Church in 1869. He was president of the Massachusetts Historical Society and also a member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard University in 1850-1854. Harvard awarded him the degree of D.D. in 1857 and that of L.L.D. in 1883. He is buried in the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 3: This letter provides some indication as to how long Jerome Peirce family lived in Orange, Massachusetts, prior to his enlistment on August 4, 1862, in Orange, namely “a short time after leaving this city [Charlestown, Massachusetts].”</text>
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              <text>Near Petersburg July 4 1864&#13;
Mrs. Jerome Peirce&#13;
	Madam – Your note came duly to hand. Should have answered it before but it would have been useless so far as concerns a final settlement with the U.S. Gov. as it is also useless now. You are of course anxious to know all about your husband’s affairs and I shall lose no time in notifying you when I can do so. You know we are in the field. Our Co. [Company] books, blanks and all Co. papers which would be very necessary for me to have in order to send you final statements that you may settle his account are left behind on boats on the James River and I don’t expect to see them again during the present campaign.&#13;
	Respecting Sergeant’s death, I am afraid I can tell you but little more than J.H. has already written. I can with truth say that Sergt. was an esteemed friend of mine. That Co. H. had no other such a man – purely patriotic – philanthropic, ever lending a helping hand in sickness and working for his Comrades as well as for himself. His morals to the Lord as you must know were strictly pure. No Profanity or Obscenities ever crossed his lips. Well he preserved, while a soldier, the character he bore while at home. No one can say too much in his praise. His loss is felt not only in his family but in his Co. and Regt. and wherever he was known. &#13;
	The two last nights that he lived Jerome and I slept together. On the morning of the 12th of May [we] went forth to meet the Enemy. Jerome knew our danger yet faced it like a brave soldier and was first of our company to fall. I did not see him fall as we were falling back under a cover of a fence, the enemy coming down on us and occupying the ground on which he fell. Consequently his body was in the enemy’s hands for about 15 minutes. When we charged forward and not only took the ground we lost but a great deal more. Jerome’s body lay in a very exposed position, it was impossible to move it. But I went to him and took his Memorandum Book for I felt as though I ought to make an effort to secure some memento. The Book I gave to J.H. His body had to remain until after dark when we buried it the best that circumstances would permit. He was killed at about 7 o.c. [o’clock] AM. His other effects I turned over to J.H. I also found the bullet that killed him. I took it from his left Breast – no one moved him after he was hit, he must have died instantly. His grave is in a Pine Grove - well marked. &#13;
	I sympathize with you in your affliction and shall be happy to serve you when opportunity arises. 	If it is ever [???] and agreeable, I would very much like a photograph of Jerome. &#13;
	I wish to be remembered to Joseph Pierce and family. Should be happy to hear from them.&#13;
	I am yours in sympathy&#13;
		Philip G. Woodward&#13;
		First [Lt.] Commanding Co. H 36th M. [Massachusetts] V. [Volunteers]&#13;
P.S. Me and my rifle platoon’s on picket which accounts for this Paper being so much soiled and so small.&#13;
				Woodward&#13;
&#13;
A note written upside down at the top of the first page reads as follows: “Jerome was paid up to the 29th of July 1864. I don’t know how his clothing account is as the books are not available.”</text>
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              <text>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 1: Old Point Comfort is a point of land located in Hampton, Virginia, and lies at the extreme tip of the Virginia Peninsula at the mouth of Hampton Roads. &#13;
&#13;
NOTE 2:  The following is taken from the roster section of the Unit History of the 36th Massachusetts Regiment of Volunteers: Philip G. Woodward. 25. From Orange, Massachusetts. Enlisted as a Sergeant, in Co. H on Aug. 6, 1862; Promoted to Second Lieutenant on Oct. 26, 1863; Not mustered; Promoted to First Lieutenant on May 15, 1864; Wounded in action at Cold Harbor, Va., on June 3, 1864; Promoted to Captain on Oct. 11, 1864; Mustered out with the Regiment on June 8, 1865. (Jerome Peirce enlisted as a Corporal in Orange, Massachusetts, on Aug. 4, 1862.)&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 3: The “J.H.” referred to in this letter, and frequently in other letters, was almost certainly Joseph H. Peirce. He enlisted as a private in Orange, Mass., on August 4, 1862, at age 18. Jerome also enlisted in Orange on the same date, but as a corporal. He was 31 years old at the time. According to the Unit History, Joseph H. Peirce was taken Prisoner of War at Pegram Farm, Virginia, on September 30, 1864 and was later exchanged. He was discharged on June 21, 1865. Joseph H. Peirce was a nephew of Jerome.&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 4: On July 3, 1864, one day prior to the date of the above letter by Lt. Woodward, Capt. J. B. Smith, commanding officer of the 36th Massachusetts Regiment, wrote the below “official” report regarding Sgt. Peirce’s death. A copy of this document is found in Sgt. Jerome Peirce’s Pension File, and it was used by Albinia as part of her application for her widow’s pension.  Capt. Smith was Lt. Woodward’s immediate superior in the chain of command.</text>
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              <text>Boston Oct 12th/64&#13;
Br. Joseph,&#13;
	I recd your letter on Monday informing me in regard to what you had heard in respect to Joseph Jr. I have delayed writing as I knew not what to write.&#13;
	From what I can learn from the papers I feel that we have great reason to hope that he is taken prisoner. I say hope because I believe if he is a prisoner, his life may yet be spared and that he may yet return to you.  In these times we live mostly on hope and I think it is not well to give up that so long as we have anything to cling to.&#13;
	I feel that it is useless for me to attempt to say anything to console you. Each heart has its own bitterness and a stranger cannot intermeddle therewith. I know it would be easy for me to say to you that your case is like a thousand others and you must bear it with patience.&#13;
	I can say no such thing. I know not how you can compare with others. All men differ and in no one thing more than in feeling. All I can say is that you have my deepest sympathy. Try and view it aright and may God give you strength to bear all that awaits you.&#13;
	If you learn anything further please let me know.&#13;
	I will say to you that I had intended to visit you ere [before] this but I have not been well and could not leave home. I can hardly tell when I can come but I hope before long.&#13;
	You will give my kindest regards to all your family and I remain ever yours,		&#13;
			F. Peirce&#13;
My family are all well.</text>
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&#13;
NOTE 1: Jerome refers to Joseph Peirce, Jr., in many of his letters but usually as “J.H.” or “Jos. H.” and at least once as “Joe.” The “H” stands for “Henry.” He enlisted as a private in Orange, Massachusetts, on August 4, 1862, at age 18. Jerome also enlisted in Orange on the same date. According to the Unit History, Joseph H. Peirce was taken Prisoner of War at Pegram Farm, Virginia, on September 30, 1864, and he was later exchanged. He survived the war and was discharged on June 21, 1865. Based on the fact that Jerome, Joseph and Foster Peirce were all brothers, J.H. (or Joseph, Jr.) was Jerome’s nephew. The date of this letters is consistent with the date that Joseph H. was taken prisoner, being about two weeks later.&#13;
&#13;
NOTE 2: The 1865 Massachusetts State Census, taken within a few months of this letter, shows that Foster Peirce as born in 1812, that he and his wife had the following four children living with them at the time: Edward S., Henry S., George W., and Alice F., aged 20 to 6, and that the family lived in Boston. (An earlier census shows that the Peirces had additional children who would have undoubtedly moved away from home by 1865.) Very consistent with the return address on the envelope for this letter, this census lists Foster’s occupation as “Chair dealer.”  It is interesting to note that the 1850 U.S. Census shows that Jerome Peirce was living in the Foster Peirce household then. Jerome’s age was listed as 19 in that census, and his occupation is given as “Gilder.” His age is totally consistent with his age when he enlisted in 1862. The term “gilder” usually refers to someone who “covers something with a thin layer of gold.” However, a broader definition is “someone who adorns something that is already beautiful.” Therefore, his occupation could be interpreted as someone who decorates furniture. Foster’s occupation was given simply as “Furniture.” &#13;
&#13;
NOTE 3: In a document found on-line titled Peirce Genealogy, Foster Peirce is described as follows: “Foster Peirce was born on July 29, 1812, and he married Catherine A. Beaman on April 27, 1837. She was born on October 22, 1816. They had seven children, born between 1839 and 1858. At an early age, he engaged in the chair manufacturing business in Orange, Massachusetts. Here he remained but a short time and moved to Boston/Charlestown in 1838, and he continued in active business until 1878, when he retired.” &#13;
The Peirce Genealogy is a detailed, well documented 283-page history of the family written and published in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1880 by Frederick Clifton Peirce. Its full title is Peirce Genealogy, Being the Record of the Posterity of John Pers, an Early Inhabitant of Watertown, in New England, and it is now available on Google Books. It traces the Peirce family history back to John Pers in England, who was born in about 1588 and died in 1661.</text>
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              <text>Billerica, Friday May 18, 1855.&#13;
My darling Sister:&#13;
	I cannot longer forbear to address you upon a subject in which you have expressed much interest, and one which has lately engaged an unusual share of my thoughts. I told you sometime since that I commenced a letter to Lizzie B., but of its prospect, I believe I left you uninformed. I stated plainly to her my feelings upon several religious points, which she answered with that ready sympathy, and love so material to her. Her reply was written with a pencil, or you should have seen it before this, but when you return home you can peruse it at your leisure, and I trust you will, like myself, find comfort in doing so. &#13;
	My dear sister, let us speak more freely upon this subject. Will not our hearts become strengthened by the act for purer thoughts, and nobler deeds? Will it not subdue, and chasten our dispositions, and make our spirits more congenial with God, and our Saviour?&#13;
	You speak, with something of regret, of your position among those with whom your religious sentiments are disregarded, and treated perhaps with not an equal share of deference. Do not despair, my dear Sister, your situation may, indeed, be trying to your feelings, and unpleasant to endure, but remember that the circumstances which now appear to disturb you may hereafter be found to have exerted a most wholesome influence in your behalf. By no means, let the persuasions of others dwarf your freedom of thought and action. Remember that we are free to act and think for ourselves, with Christ for a willing Teacher, such for a loving Father. Shall we not rather go to them for guidance, seeking for counsel which can never err from so pure a source?&#13;
	There is a beauty in that religion, I think, which moves along silently, but surely, controlling our inmost nature, leading our footsteps noiselessly through the path of virtue, restraining evil desires, and passions, and instinctively lifting the human soul aloft from the taints, and grossness of earth, to that sphere of bliss where dwells the “pure in heart.” Cherish this principle, dear one, and reap its reward. &#13;
Look at the life of our Saviour, fraught with no acts of vehemence, calm, trusting, humble. Deeds of goodness meekly performed, acts of kindness and charity silently bestowed, forgiveness never withheld. He loved mankind; his life was devoted to them. For them he lived and for them he died. Praise to God, whose Son has visited us that we might know “the Way of Life, and the Truth.” In his bearing may we not trace the spirit of our Heavenly Father, and is it not a happy belief to entertain so forgiving and loving a nature? &#13;
	Shall we regard a life devoted to God as too great a sacrifice for His goodness? Shall the germ of holiness implanted within our hearts not be brought out, and fashioned for present, and future happiness? There is, indeed, a noble end to be sought by noble means, means, which have been set forth for our acceptance. Let us study, and embrace them. Let us especially remember the institution of the Lord’s Supper, and strive to bring our hearts in unison with its sacred rites. Let us hasten, with true preparation, to become a numbered one with the band of followers who eat of the body, and drink of the blood of Christ. But my Sister, let not passion usurp the place of reason, in its contemplation, lest we mistake a passing emotion, for a steady belief. Calmly viewed, with doubts removed by the light of truth, will it not be more surely possessed with spirits of unchanging devotion?&#13;
	“Out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaketh,” and if our sentiments are cherished with sincerity, our deeds will not belie our faith. Can you not speak to Mr. E. upon the subject? He would give you sympathy I do not doubt, and strengthen any holy purpose you would suggest. How I would like to speak to him, or but alas! we have no minister. God deserts me not, and He will be my infallible guide and protector.&#13;
I have written but poorly upon this subject, but I was not willing to remain silent any longer, and could not wait for time to express myself more fully. Write, darling, with confidence when you have leisure, to your loving, &#13;
Abby.</text>
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              <text>Sunday Eve. July 8th 1855 [???] [See Note] &#13;
My dear Sister:&#13;
	My heart is very full tonight, and I feel as tho’ I must speak to someone to quiet it. To whom can I speak better than to you? I have been to meeting all day, and our Sunday school was formed tonight. I do not know whether I shall engage in it as a teacher, or pupil. I think the latter. &#13;
	My dear Sister, my object in writing was to ask you one serious question, which I wish you to answer freely. Do you feel like joining the church next Communion Sabbath? I wish very much to do so, and hope your feelings are not such as to prevent you. Mr. Chaffee has been very encouraging in his sermons, and I feel prompted from my own heart to do so. How I do wish you were at home to talk with me and read Sarah and Lissie’s kind letters. Do you think you shall be home by the first Sunday next month? I think Mother would be glad to have us. Do write your feelings in a private note to me in your next letter, if it only says yes or no. &#13;
	Life is so uncertain, we know not what may befall us, and I do not like a longer delay. I shall either write a note, or see Mr. Chaffee soon (I suppose he is going to preach.) and I would go to Mr. Ellis, if I were you. Speak right out and he will advise you. Tell how long we have wished, how interesting and solemn it appears, and the benefit you hope to derive from it. Let us commence early for a few weeks is a short time to consider, unless early improved. When death is nigh we shall not heed the opinion of the world and do not let us know. We are sinful, but it will aid us to do better, and a public faith in Christ is a duty. Let us together commence this new life. It will not take away any of our happiness but add much to it. I shall wait with eagerness your answer. God strengthens us for the act. I never felt so earnest about it. Remember next month.&#13;
Yours in love Abby&#13;
We are all well.&#13;
&#13;
							Monday Morning&#13;
Mrs. Judkins was in last night. Willie [???] had been up again with his father. He walked out a little to eat some cherries. I guess Harriet Edmands will make us a visit soon. Is he attentive? &#13;
						Love to all from Abby</text>
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              <text>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE (Josef Rokus)&#13;
&#13;
	The year that this letter was written is not indicated. However, the letter immediately prior to this one and the letter immediately after this one (all of which were apparently were included in the same envelope) were both written in 1855. In addition, July 8 was a Sunday in 1855. Therefore, it is extremely likely that this letter was written on July 8, 1855.</text>
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                <text>From Abbie to Allie, July 8, 1855</text>
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                <text>From Abbie to Allie</text>
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                <text>Jerome Peirce Collection, National Park Service</text>
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                <text>HIST 428 (Spring 2020), University of Mary Washington</text>
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                <text> NPS, Civil War Study Group, Paul and Louise Marahrens (Transcribers)</text>
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                <text>Letter #228</text>
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                <text>Probably Billerica, MA.</text>
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